【Unity3D】相机

Mecanim · 发表于 2023-2-27 13:45

1 简介

相机用于渲染游戏对象，每个场景中可以有多个相机，每个相机独立成像，每个成像都是一个图层，最后渲染的图层在最前面显示。

相机的属性面板如下：

2 应用

本节将通过实现小地图案例展示相机的应用。

1）游戏界面

2）游戏对象层级结构

3）Transform 组件参数

Name	Type	Position	Rotation	Scale	Viewport Rect
Main Camera	Camera	(0, 4, -5)	(38, 0, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	(0, 0, 1, 1)
MinimapCamera	Camera	(0, 12, 0)	(90, 0, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	(0.8, 0.7, 0.2, 0.3)

Name	Type	Position	Rotation	Scale	Color/Texture
Player	Empty	(0, 0.25, -5)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	#228439FF
Botton	Cube	(0, 0, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(2, 0.5, 2)	#228439FF
Top	Cube	(0, 0.5, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 0.5, 1)	#228439FF
Gun	Cylinder	(0, 0, 1.5)	(90, 0, 0)	(0.2, 1, 0.4)	#228439FF
FirePoint	Empty	(0, 1.15, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	——

补充：Player 游戏对象添加了刚体组件。

Name	Type	Position	Rotation	Scale	Color/Texture
Enemy1	Empty	(7, 0.25, 1)	(0, 120, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	#F83333FF
Enemy2	Enemy	(-1, 0.25, 5)	(0, 60, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	#EA9132FF
Enemy3	Enemy	(-5, 0.25, -1)	(0, -40, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	#5DC2F4FF

说明：Enemy1~Enemy3 都是由 Player copy 而来。

Name	Type	Position	Rotation	Scale	Color/Texture
Plane	Plane	(0, 0, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(10, 10, 10)	GrassRockyAlbedo
Bullet	Sphere	(0, 0.5, -5)	(0, 0, 0)	(0.3, 0.3, 0.3)	#228439FF

补充：炮弹作为预设体拖拽到 Assets/Resources/Prefabs 目录下，并且添加了刚体组件。

4）脚本组件

MainCameraController.cs
using UnityEngine; public class MainCameraController : MonoBehaviour { private Transform player; // 玩家 private Vector3 relaPlayerPos; // 相机在玩家坐标系中的位置 private float targetDistance = 15f; // 相机看向玩家前方的位置    private void Start() {       relaPlayerPos = new Vector3(0, 4, -8);       player = GameObject.Find("Player/Top").transform; }    private void LateUpdate() {       CompCameraPos(); }    private void CompCameraPos() { // 计算相机坐标       Vector3 target = player.position + player.forward * targetDistance;       transform.position = transformVecter(relaPlayerPos, player.position, player.right, player.up, player.forward);       transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(target - transform.position); }    // 求以origin为原点, locX, locY, locZ 为坐标轴的本地坐标系中的向量 vec 在世界坐标系中对应的向量 private Vector3 transformVecter(Vector3 vec, Vector3 origin, Vector3 locX,  Vector3 locY,  Vector3 locZ) {       return vec.x * locX + vec.y * locY + vec.z * locZ + origin; }}
说明： CameraController 脚本组件挂在 MainCamera 游戏对象上。

MinmapCameraController.cs
using UnityEngine;public class MinimapController : MonoBehaviour { private Transform player; // 玩家 private float height = 12; // 相机离地面的高度 private bool isFullscreen = false; // 小地图相机是否全屏 private Rect minViewport; // 小地图视口位置和大小（相对值） private Rect FullViewport; // 全屏时视口位置和大小（相对值）    private void Start() {       player = GameObject.Find("Player/Top").transform;       minViewport = GetComponent<Camera>().rect;       FullViewport = new Rect(0, 0, 1, 1); } private void Update() {       if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) && IsClickMinimap()) {          if (isFullscreen) {             GetComponent<Camera>().rect = minViewport;          } else {             GetComponent<Camera>().rect = FullViewport;          }          isFullscreen = !isFullscreen;       } }    private void LateUpdate() {       Vector3 pos = player.position;       transform.position = new Vector3(pos.x, height, pos.z); } public bool IsClickMinimap() { // 是否单击到小地图区域       Vector3 pos = Input.mousePosition;       if (isFullscreen) {          return true;       }       if (pos.x / Screen.width > minViewport.xMin && pos.y / Screen.height > minViewport.yMin) {          return true;       }       return false; }}
说明： MinimapController 脚本组件挂在 MinimapCamera 游戏对象上。

PlayerController.cs
using UnityEngine;public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour { private MinimapController minimapController; // 小地图控制器 private Transform firePoint; // 开火点 private GameObject bulletPrefab; // 炮弹预设体 private float tankMoveSpeed = 4f; // 坦克移动速度 private float tankRotateSpeed = 2f; // 坦克转向速度 private Vector3 predownMousePoint; // 鼠标按下时的位置 private Vector3 currMousePoint; // 当前鼠标位置 private float fireWaitTime = float.MaxValue; // 距离上次开火已等待的时间 private float bulletCoolTime = 0.15f; // 炮弹冷却时间    private void Start() {       minimapController = GameObject.Find("MinimapCamera").GetComponent<MinimapController>();       firePoint = transform.Find("Top/Gun/FirePoint");       bulletPrefab = (GameObject) Resources.Load("Prefabs/Bullet"); }    private void Update() {       Move();       Rotate();       Fire(); }    private void Move() { // 坦克移动       float hor = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");       float ver = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");       if (Mathf.Abs(hor) > float.Epsilon || Mathf.Abs(ver) > float.Epsilon) {          Vector3 vec = transform.forward * ver + transform.right * hor;          GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = vec * tankMoveSpeed;          Vector3 dire = new Vector3(hor, ver, 0);          dire =  dire.normalized * Mathf.Min(dire.magnitude, 1);       } }    private void Rotate() { // 坦克旋转       if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(1)) {          predownMousePoint = Input.mousePosition;       } else if (Input.GetMouseButton(1)) {          currMousePoint = Input.mousePosition;          Vector3 vec = currMousePoint - predownMousePoint;          GetComponent<Rigidbody>().angularVelocity = Vector3.up * tankRotateSpeed * vec.x;          predownMousePoint = currMousePoint;       } }    private void Fire() { // 坦克开炮       fireWaitTime += Time.deltaTime;       if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) && !minimapController.IsClickMinimap() || Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space)) {          if (fireWaitTime > bulletCoolTime) {             BulletInfo bulletInfo = new BulletInfo("PlayerBullet", Color.red, transform.forward, 10f, 15f);             GameObject bullet = Instantiate(bulletPrefab, firePoint.position, Quaternion.identity);             bullet.AddComponent<BulletController>().SetBulletInfo(bulletInfo);             fireWaitTime = 0f;          }       } }}
说明： PlayerController 脚本组件挂在 Player 游戏对象上。

BulletController.cs
using UnityEngine;using UnityEngine.UI;public class BulletController : MonoBehaviour { private BulletInfo bulletInfo; // 炮弹信息 private void Start () {       gameObject.name = bulletInfo.name;       GetComponent<MeshRenderer>().material.color = bulletInfo.color;       float lifeTime = bulletInfo.fireRange / bulletInfo.speed; // 存活时间       Destroy(gameObject, lifeTime); } private void Update () {       transform.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = bulletInfo.flyDir * bulletInfo.speed; } public void SetBulletInfo(BulletInfo bulletInfo) {       this.bulletInfo = bulletInfo; }}
说明：BulletController 脚本组件挂在 Bullet 游戏对象上（代码里动态添加）。

BulletInfo.cs
using UnityEngine;public class BulletInfo { public string name; // 炮弹名 public Color color; // 炮弹颜色 public Vector3 flyDir; // 炮弹飞出方向 public float speed; // 炮弹飞行速度 public float fireRange; // 炮弹射程 public BulletInfo(string name, Color color, Vector3 flyDir, float speed, float fireRange) {       this.name = name;       this.color = color;       this.flyDir = flyDir;       this.speed = speed;       this.fireRange = fireRange; }}
5）运行效果

声明：本文转自【Unity3D】相机

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【Unity3D】相机

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